参考文献/References:
[1] 中国医院协会 . 患者安全目标（2019 版）. 2019,http://www.cha.org.cn/plus/view.php?aid=15808.
[2] Santos SC , Woith W, Freitas MI , et al. Methods to determine the internal length of nasogastric feeding tubes: An integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud,2016,61: 95-103.
[3] Scott R, Bowling TE. Enteral tube feeding in adults. J R Coll Physicians Edinb,2015,45(1): 49-54.
[4] Toussaint E, Van Gossum A, Ballarin A, et al. Enteral access in adults. Clin Nutr,2015,34(3): 350-358.
[5] McMahon MM, Hurley DL, Kamath PS, et al. Medical and Ethical Aspects of Long-term Enteral Tube Feeding. Mayo Clin Proc,2005,80(11): 1461-1476.
[6] Chen S, Xian W, Cheng S, et al. Risk of regurgitation and aspiration in patients infused with different volumes of enteral nutrition. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr,2015,24(2): 212-218.
[7] 杨 敏 . 63 例长期鼻饲老年患者的临床研究 . 重庆医科大学,2016.
[8] Luk JK, Chan DK. Preventing aspiration pneumonia in older people: do we have the 'know-how'? Hong Kong Med J, 2014,20(5): 421.
[9] Anderson S, Wobeser B, Duke-Novakovski T, et al. Pathology in Practice. Aspiration pneumonia. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 2017, 251(4): 409-411.
[10] 中国吞咽障碍康复评估与治疗专家共识组. 中国吞咽障碍评估与治疗专家共识(2017年版)第一部分 评估篇.中华物理医学与康复杂志,2017,39(12): 881-892.
[11] Gomes GF, Pisani JC, Macedo ED, et al. The nasogastric feeding tube as a risk factor for aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care,2003,6(3): 327-333.
[12] Schwarz M, Coccetti A, Murdoch A, et al. The impact of aspiration pneumonia and nasogastric feeding on clinical outcomes in stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study. J Clin Nurs,2018,27(1-2): e235-e241.
[13] 胡延秋, 程 云, 王银云, 等. 成人经鼻胃管喂养临床实践指南的构建.中华护理杂志,2016,51(02): 133-141.
[14] Loeb MB, Becker M, Eady A, et al. Interventions to prevent aspiration pneumonia in older adults: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc,2003,51(7): 1018-1022.
[15] Cintra MT, de Rezende NA, de Moraes EN, et al. A comparison of survival, pneumonia, and hospitalization in patients with advanced dementia and dysphagia receiving either oral or enteral nutrition. J Nutr Health Aging,2014,18(10): 894-899.
[16] Wang Z, Chen J, Ni G. Effect of an indwelling nasogastric tube on swallowing function in elderly post-stroke dysphagia patients with long-term nasal feeding. BMC Neurology,2019,19(1).
[17] 倪元红, 司 婷, 彭南海. 危重症病人肠内营养支持治疗并发症的护理.肠外与肠内营养,2013,20(05): 316-317.
[18] Nathan AT, Kaplan HC. Tools and methods for quality improvement and patient safety in perinatal care. Semin Perinatol,2017,41(3): 142-150.
[19] 刘 方 . 品管圈活动在预防脑卒中鼻饲患者误吸中的效果观察.中国伤残医学,2013,21(10): 336-337.
[20] 赖慧晶, 区智凤, 吴怡卿. 运用FMEA预防留置胃管鼻饲患者吸入性肺炎的效果分析.中国医学创新,2018,15(13): 94-98.
[21] Delgado-Rodriguez M, Sillero-Arenas M. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Intensiva,2018,42(7): 444-453.
[22] McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine(SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr,2016,40(2):159-211.
[23] Chen YC. Critical analysis of the factors associated with enteral feeding in preventing VAP: a systematic review. J Chin Med Assoc,2009,72(4): 171-178.
[24] Sainani KL. Logistic regression. PM R,2014,6(12): 1157-1162.
[25] 肖 倩, 王艳玲, 吴 瑛, 等. 神经外科ICU患者胃内容物反流误吸的影响因素分析.护理学报,2014,21(07): 50-53.
[26] Belafsky PC, Mouadeb DA, Rees CJ, et al. Validity and reliability of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,2008,117(12): 919-924.
[27] Cheney DM, Siddiqui MT, Litts JK, et al. The Ability of the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to Predict Aspiration Risk in Persons With Dysphagia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,2015,124(5): 351-354.
[28] Osawa A, Maeshima S, Tanahashi N. Water-swallowing test:screening for aspiration in stroke patients. Cerebrovasc Dis,2013,35(3): 276-281.
[29] Park YH, Han HR, Oh S, et al. Validation of the Korean version of the standardized swallowing assessment among nursing home residents. J Gerontol Nurs,2014,40(2): 26-35, 36-37.
[30] 李 君, 凌慧芬, 孙丽凯, 等. 标准吞咽功能评价量表在预防老年脑梗死病人误吸中的应用 . 护理研究,2014,28(25): 3090-3092.
[31] Kim SY, Kim TU, Hyun JK, et al. Differences in videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) findings according to the vascular territory involved in stroke. Dysphagia, 2014, 29(4): 444-449.
[32] Kim G, Baek S, Park HW, et al. Effect of Nasogastric Tube on Aspiration Risk: Results from 147 Patients with Dysphagia and Literature Review. Dysphagia,2018,33(6): 731-738.
[33] Park CH, Lee YT, Yi Y, et al. Ability of High-Resolution Manometry to Determine Feeding Method and to Predict Aspiration Pneumonia in Patients With Dysphagia. Am J Gastroenterol,2017,112(7): 1074-1083.
[34] 吴巧媚, 张利娟, 郑静霞. 基于Delphi法ICU患者误吸风险评估体系的构建.护理学报,2018,25(02): 1-6.
[35] 曹 娟, 王燕萍, 任浩翡, 等. 老年人误吸风险评估量表的临床应用.解放军护理杂志,2017,34(20): 69-71.
[36] Miles A, Hunting A, McFarlane M, et al. Predictive Value of the New Zealand Secretion Scale (NZSS) for Pneumonia. Dysphagia,2018,33(1): 115-122.
[37] Kuo CW, Allen CT, Huang CC, et al. Murray secretion scale and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in predicting aspiration in dysphagic patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol,2017,274(6): 2513-2519.
[38] Young PJ. A spoonful of sugar--improving the sensitivity of the glucose oxidase test strip method for detecting subclinical pulmonary aspiration of enteral feed. Anaesth Intensive Care,2001,29(5): 539-543.
[39] 国务院办公厅. 国民营养计划(2017-2030年).营养学报,2017,39(04): 315-320.